The Characteristics And Actions Of Management Essay

As I continue to work in an organization, I am very observant of the characteristics and actions of management. I watch management to see how they tick. I am curious to how management functions, what roles they play, and what skills they possess. In my last job, I witnessed a manager that struggled to do the basic management functions, no designated managerial role, and ineffective managerial skills. Basically, I learned that my previous manager how not to operate in management. Management Functions Robbins Judge (2012) says, â€Å"Managers get things done through other people.† (p. 5). Managers are tasked to delegate work to so that goals and responsibilities are completed. Managers have responsibility of three functions. Managers must plan, organize, and lead the organization (Robbins Judge, 2012). Managerial planning is creating a strategy and prospective goals for the organization to accomplish. Organizations rely on management to create an effective strategy by coordinate activities, plans, and resources. In my previous experience, I can’t remember if management ever clearly planned. There would be times were tasks were not done correctly, or whe did not have the resources to finish a job. I know realize that my previous manager did not have a functional plan. Another function managers must be able to do is organize. Managers must create an organizational structure (Robbins Judge, 2012). This allows the organization to know who, what, when, where, and how tasksShow MoreRelatedProject Risk And Risk Management1412 Words   |  6 Pagesproject risk management includes six process: 1- Risk Management Planning: Deciding how to plan and execute the activities. 2- Risk Identification: Determining which risks can be affect the project. 3- Qualitative Risk Analyses: Priorization risks for consequent further analyzes by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact. 4- Quantitative Risk Analyses: Analyzing probabilistically the effect of risks on the project objectives. 5- Risk Response: Developing actions to enhanceRead MoreEssay on Japanese Management Style1088 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese Management Style Japan was totally destroyed during the World War II but in less than 40 years Japan has risen from the ashes to world leadership in many areas of technology and business. This success is attributed to its unique managerial techniques. Some of the main characteristics that Japanese management have are: participative decision making, bottom-up management, lifetime employment, amae-dependency relationships, lean production, total qualityRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Meeting 11539 Words   |  7 Pagessystematically studying individual, group, and organizational process. OB Characteristics †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Applies the scientific method to practical managerial problems –†¯ How can goals be set to enhance people’s job performance? –†¯ Under what conditions do individuals make better decision than groups? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Focuses on three level of analysis: –†¯ Individuals (work attitude, motivation) –†¯ Groups (communication) –†¯ Organizations (structure) OB Characteristics †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Is multidisciplinary in nature †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Seeks to improve organizationalRead MoreThe Basic Concepts Of Force Field Analysis By Kurt Lewin1674 Words   |  7 Pages The first management theory to be examined is force-field analysis by Kurt Lewin. Force-field analysis provides a template for looking that the factors that influence both corporate and personal environments, however the focus will be on the business side of the theory. To understand the basic concepts of the force field analysis, imagine yourself sitting in a chair. There are two forces holding you in the chair, one is gravity, a driving force, which is pushing you down into the chair and theRead Morefgdgdg1732 Words   |  7 PagesKnowledge Objectives Define organizational diversity and distinguish between affirmative action and diversity management. Distinguish multicultural, plural, and monolithic organizations. Describe the demographic characteristics of the U.S. population and explain their implications for the composition of the workplace. Discuss general changes in the United States that are increasing the importance of managing diversity effectively. Understand why successfully managing diversity is extremely importantRead MoreManaging Self Directed And High Performance Teams1130 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Success in management is tied to self-directed and high-performance teams. Therefore, managers that effectively embrace this type of management in their organizations often become very successful at managing great teams. However, for success to be realized by administrators, there are certain steps which they have to follow in order to achieve the organization goals. This essay will explore the difficulties encountered, as well as, the successes of establishing self-directed and highRead MoreRatio Analysis Memo1035 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Characteristics Proposal Katherine Collinge, Moses Gatson, Tanya Mueller, and Terri Sturgeon University of Phoenix ACC/363 Financial Accounting II Bob Wells April 27, 2009 Corporate Characteristics Proposal Introduction here Various Forms of Business Organizations Before starting a new business, several decisions such as its legal structure must be made first. Five basic entity types exist in which to structure a business. These types consist of soleRead MoreEmployment Relations870 Words   |  4 Pagesindustrial action taken by the Construction Forestry and Mining Employees Union in forming the Barangaroo picket line. Introduction: This essay will discuss the two different management approaches towards to the recent industrial action taken against Lend Lease and identify what differentiate the two approaches. The second part of the essay will provide an argument of how applying these approaches from the upper management could potentially change the outcome of the industrial action against LendRead MoreA Project Manager For A Company That Utilizes Informal Project Management Techniques948 Words   |  4 Pages1. You are a project manager for a company that utilizes informal project management techniques. Thirty days into the project you realize that the team is not communicating effectively and dates are starting to slip. What two actions might you take to correct this situation? Communication is one of the four columns of informal project management. If communication channels are not been used, or if information is not flowing effectively and efficiently, then the whole methodology is compromised,Read MoreThe Lack Of Leadership Management1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lack of Leadership The management problem is about a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Precision Imaging Centers (PIC), which affects the corporate guidance, display ineffective communication skills, lack of employee motivation, presents questionable actions of moral leadership, and inspire the need for corporate change. First of all, the CEO does not present a mission for the PICs corporation and no vision can be formed; therefore, lacks corporate direction and lacks supportive communication

Benefits Of Cell Phones For Young Children - 882 Words

As today’s world has evolved with over 6 billion people having mobile phones; communication has become further of a necessity for older human beings. As parents, some do not grasp a reason for their young ones having a cell phone in their possession at all times. However, as parents more or less understand the necessity of their younger children having a form of communication to and from home. Having a cell phone in today’s society has become a modicum of what some perceive on an everyday basis, with children younger than the age of 13 not so much. Although, a plethora of people may argue that younger children have the ability to have internet access, and the thought of predators seeking out younger children through their cell phones remains terrifying. Some also believe it remains safer for young children to have a way to communicate with not only the authorities on the other hand also parents or guardians in case of emergencies. The benefits of cell phones for young c hildren outweighs the pricing of these mobile devices when it comes to their safety and wellbeing. While mobile phones are not a discovery to this day and age, there has been a plethora of additions to these devices in the past four decades. Among the new additions to this excellent technology, this also created easier access for the young and elderly, communication, educational games, educational resources, etc. thus, making this product an all-around helpful resource for the young and seasoned, expandingShow MoreRelatedCell Phones for Young People Useful or Distracting?1031 Words   |  5 Pages There has always been controversy as to whether texting and cell phone use can cause young people to be less likely to be able to concentrate and focus. As young citizens we have the right to be able to own a cell phone and not be criticized using it for educational reasons. Phones give you access to the internet, teach responsibility, and is an emergency access to contact parents; however it can cause cheating in class room areas by sharing answers, it can distract people from doin g work in classRead MorePros and Cons of Cell Phones in Schools626 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans place and receive most, if not all, of their calls on a wireless phone. The increase in cell phone usage has expanded into our children’s schools. Many children in today’s society carry a cell phone on their person to school. This increase of usage and change of demographic has created a debate in many schools. Read more: Pros Cons of Cell Phones in Schools | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5393195_pros-cons-cell-phones-schools.html#ixzz29NbPSPub School Emergencies The increase of schoolRead MoreEffects of Having a Cell Phone in Elementary School1183 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology has dominated our lives in every direction. Children are growing up in a digital era; a world full of technology. Since our world is full of technology every child is growing up wanting to be a part of the latest portable technologies. Children younger and younger are exposed to the latest technologies as the technology advances. Determining whether or not it is appropriate for elementary school students to be able to carry their cell phones in school is very difficult. Parents and guardiansRead MoreMobile Phone Addiction1003 Words   |  5 PagesUSING MOBILE PHONE TOO MUCH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mobile phone is one of the greatest invention in 20th century. We can not imagine how is our life without the mobile phone. It is an obvious truth that the mobile phone gives us benefits in some aspects of life. Using mobile phone distributes our communication to make it easier than before. Besides a mobile phone can provide us with a lot of functions like relaxing with music, chatting or playing games. 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It isn’t just young people that use technology, it is all groups of people, that includes toddlers all the way up to elders. Technology is a major part of today’s society and makes many tasks a lot easier. One major issue with technology is that it’s abused and many people rely on it. Technology is â€Å"dumbing down† today’s society. Technology has not only been a benefit for children in todays, but it has also become a hindrance to their ever day functionsRead MoreThe Debate Of Cell Phones1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Debate of Cell Phones Technology has advanced over the years, causing our lifestyle to change drastically and head down a new path. With these advances in technology, the cell phone appeared and has evolved throughout time. The cell phone has become a necessity to many. All ages use this mobile device for either personal or business use. Higgins states that the amount of cell phones active has increased from â€Å"one billion in 2000 to 6 billion.† Although cell phones play an important roleRead MoreCell Phones : Pro Vs. Con1025 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones: Pro vs. Con Cell phones have come a long way since April 3, 1973 when the first phone was invented. The first call in history was made that day by Motorola employee Martin Cooper, as he stood next to a 900 MHz base station in New York City and phoned to the headquarters of Bell Labs in New Jersey (The Cellphone Turns 40: Remembering Martin Cooper’s Historic Call). Since that day, cell phones have evolved to become what is now a all-in-one master piece. A current cell phone removes the

Company Law Incorporated Company in Singapore

Question: Describe about the Company Law for Incorporated Company in Singapore. Answer: Introduction In the given situation, The Everything Possible Lah Pte Ltd is an incorporated company in Singapore that has independent directors and is therefore governed by the Companies Laws and legislations that are prevalent in Singapore. Profits were being made by the company and in this scenario, three directors of the company made three comments regarding their future course of action. These three statements made by the directors shall be taken into account for discussion in the given matter and advice shall be provided on the relevant penalties that arise from non-compliance. Director Arsene Director Arsene said that there was no necessity of providing details of accounting to the shareholders as long as the organization is earning profits. Sections 199 to 204 of the Companies Act clearly lay down the duties of the directors. It has been provided that directors need to comply with their financial reporting obligations which entails them to maintain financial reports and statements, laying down the accounts for profits and losses made by them, maintaining accurate balance sheets and also presenting the director's report in front of the shareholders and members in the Annual General Meeting of the company and simultaneously, it is expected that they should report on the state of the affairs of the company and provide members with copies of statements providing all the requisite financial details ("Ch.17 Corporate Finance and Securities Regulation", 2016). A failure by the directors to observe this requirement exposes them to criminal liability and fines may be imposed on t hem for making breach of duty under the Act. The amount of fine may be up to S$15,000 and in certain cases, there might also be an imprisonment for up to three years (Halsbury's laws of Singapore, 2006). Case precedents like (Lim Weng Kee v PP, 2002) can be taken into account here. The directors failed to comply with the auditing requirements and the shareholders though they received a share of their yearly dividends, yet the failure on the part of the directors to show the accurate books of audit was held to be a valid ground for considering breach of duties by the directors and hence civil penalties and criminal charges were levied against them. It should be noted that in the given instance, though the company is making profits, it cannot be said that just because of this reason, the shareholders do not have a right to access the books of accounts of the company (Shorewala Vasumitra, 2015). It is a statutory duty of the directors to show the correct books of accounts to all the shareholders and hence, they cannot err from this duty. Thus, it can be said that the proposal of Director Arsene is not a sound one and if the breach of duty is proved against them, all the three directors can become liable for civil and criminal penalties. Director Mourinho Subsequently, Director Mourinho stated that since the government had provided relaxation with auditors, and at the same time, regulatory burden has been reduced to the companies, there is no necessity for the company to appoint another auditor for them and they can manage their work with the appointment of Ah Seng from the accounts department under the shoes of their auditor. This could have been said to be a sound option if this was a small listed company with only one director and much lesser annual profit turnover. It should be noted that all companies in Singapore should be registered with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority and at the same time, should abide by the requirements of the Companies Act. The present company is a private limited company (Vita Health Laboratories Pte Ltd Ors v Pang Seng Meng, 2004). The key requirements for setting up this company are that it should have at least one shareholder, one resident director, one company secretary, initial paid -up capital of at least S$1 and a physical office address in Singapore (Company law in Singapore, 2008). Appointment of an auditor is mandatory for this company because it has been made compulsory that all Singapore incorporated companies should appoint one auditor within three months from the date of which it is incorporated. Unless and until the particular company is exempt from the auditing requirements, appointment of an auditor is necessary and this cannot be avoided. To get the exemption from the auditing requirements, the company should fulfill certain criteria. One of them is that the company should have less than 20 individual shareholders and there should be none of them who are a corporate shareholder. Second requirement under this criterion is that the annual turnover of the company must be less than S$5 million ("Form a Singapore Private Limited Company", 2016). However, in the given situation, the company that is being discussed does not satisfy these requirements and hence, it is not exempt from auditing requirements. Thus, it is necessary to appoint an independent and di stinct auditor for the company. If this is not done, then the company is liable to become responsible for breach of statutory requirements and thus, penalties might be imposed on the company (Soderquist Gabaldon, 2011). Director Klopp The third statement was made by Director Klopp who opined that it was not necessary for the company to issue a prospectus because it is not listed on the stock exchange. Considering the present recommendations of the working committee, it can be said that the opinion of Director Klopp is a valid one and the company in fact does not need to issue a prospectus at this time if it has not yet planned to list itself on the stock exchange. The issue of a prospectus becomes necessary whenever an offer of securities is being made and this is not an excluded or exempt offer that is being taken into consideration. Moreover, issuing a prospectus also becomes important if the company issues units in collective investment schemes. However, the present business structure is not under any of these criterion and hence, it is not necessary for them to issue prospectus at the present time (Yeo, 2011). Had the company been involved in any business for which issuing a prospectus is mandatory and even th en it fails to issue the prospectus, then criminal as well as civil liabilities would have been imposed on the directors for breach of statutory duties. Prospectus is basically a document that is designed in such a way that the investors get an idea of the business, assets and nature of the company so that they can make informed decisions regarding whether they wish to invest or purchase the securities or not. However, since the present company in question is not involved in any business of this kind, nor is it listed on the stock exchange at present, it is exempt from the requirement of issuing a prospectus and there is no requirement under the law for this company to mandatorily issue a prospectus. The nature of business of the company is not misleading in any way and hence there is no question of deceiving the creditors or the shareholders (Guide to company law in Malaysia Singapore, 1990). Moreover, it also has shown compliance with all other requirements as specified under the laws and thus it automatically becomes immune from the liability of issuing a prospectus. Lastly, as far as the general interest of the public is concern ed, since there has been no reporting of any kind, the company is not mandated to issue prospectus at present. Conclusion It can thus be stated in the given situation that the Companies Act as well as the Securities and Futures Act are powerful tools that determine whether the statements made by the directors in the meeting are justified or not. The analysis as presented above indicates that for having made such statements, the law can impose civil and criminal penalties on the directors in the majority of the instances. References Ch.17 Corporate Finance and Securities Regulation. (2016).Singaporelaw.sg. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.singaporelaw.sg/sglaw/laws-of-singapore/commercial-law/chapter-17 Company law in Singapore. (2008). Singapore. Form a Singapore Private Limited Company. (2016).Singapore Company Incorporation | Registration and Work Visa. Retrieved 5 October 2016, from https://www.singaporecompanyincorporation.sg/how-to/incorporate/a-beginners-guide-how-to-form-a-singapore-private-limited-company/ Guide to company law in Malaysia Singapore. (1990). [Singapore]. Halsbury's laws of Singapore. (2006). Singapore. Lim Weng Kee v PP, 2 SLR (R) 848 (2002). Shorewala, K. Vasumitra, V. Comparing Takeover Laws in the UK, India and Singapore.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1753341 Soderquist, L. Gabaldon, T. (2011).Securities law. New York, N.Y.: Foundation Press Thomson/West. Vita Health Laboratories Pte Ltd Ors v Pang Seng Meng, 4 SLR 162 (2004). Yeo, V. (2011).Commercial applications of company law in Singapore. [Singapore]: CCH Asia.

Reservation System in India free essay sample

Reservation System in India The concept of reservation was enshrined in the Constitution to allow the so-called deprived classes to come at par with the so-called privileged ones. The Constitution of India allows this kind of positive discrimination in order to bring about equality of opportunity and status in the society. The founding fathers had never intended Reservation to be a temporary phenomenon. Reservations to the underprivileged were to be extended until they were uplifted socially and stabilized economically. Reservations with the view of helping the deprived classes to gain a better footing and avail equal benefits of an independent and free nation was introduced in the system. Yet, the various governments till now have failed to truly uplift the backward sections of the society and failed to provide them with equal opportunities even after 60 years of independence. Freedom and application of a reservation policy, has changed nothing. In reality, reservation has failed at all fronts. We will write a custom essay sample on Reservation System in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not only has it failed to achieve the desired aim of bringing the non-privileged classes into mainstream, it has marginalised them all the more and deepened the caste system even more. Moreover, reservations is now used not as an effective means of eliminating discrimination but as a vile instrument of increasing the vote-bank. The 93rd amendment and the recent declaration of the government for reservation in institutions of higher education has once again stirred the anger of the youth in general all over the country. The moral ground in favour of reservations still holds good. What is needed is to formulate a well-balanced policy of reservation, which opens equal doors of opportunity to all. Development of one section of the society should not be at the cost of the other section. Development of the society can be possible only if all the sections of the society are given equal opportunities. Opportunity for development should be judiciously distributed among all the sections of society. Opportunity in education, jobs and other fields of life should be equally distributed. The present decision of the government regarding the reservation policy has angered the youth because it triggers the development of one section of the society while pushing another into oblivion. Moreover, as the Supreme Court has put a stay on the implementation, the controversy has deepened. The country seems to be divided into two bi-polar thought streams— one supporting reservations and another dead against it. If one takes a look at the issue objectively one will realize that the intention behind reservations is not faulty at all but it is the implication and the application of it that has proved ineffective. The way reservation has been implemented all these years has deepened and aggravated the caste distinctions in the society, marginalised the poor and the needy and has benefited only the topmost layer of the so called Backward classes. The benefit of reservation has failed to trickle down to the lowest section of the society. Moreover, it has killed the spirit of brotherhood and healthy competition, the desire to surge forward and to work hard. Reservations based on the narrow concept of caste is thus, fundamentally wrong and hence has proved to be a failure. Thus, it is time to introspect, while keeping aside the greed of political mileage and think objectively about where things have gone wrong. It seems that nobody really cares about the welfare of the underdog but wants to gain a bit of the large chunk of political boost for the next elections. Reservation should not be forsaken because, in fact, every one wants that society should develop as a whole and everyone should reap the benefits of development. But reservations instead of being caste-based to meet the political needs of our power hungry politicians, should be based on a more acceptable criteria through which every section of the society is benefited. For instance, it can be based on economic status or anything else that can work truly for our society and state. We should take a lesson from the United States in this regard. It is the most market-oriented country and has a policy of affirmative action. US universities and the government give preference to Black and Hispanic applicants in admission as well as jobs. Yet the US economy remains among the most competitive in the world. The trick lies in undertaking affirmative action by providing incentives rather than quota-based restrictions. The US has long abandoned the quota system for affirmative action. They have put in place a point system under which candidates from among the Blacks, backward regions, immigrants, etc. are given a few extra points in admission and appointment procedures. This leads to nominal increase in the cost of production. The additional points only lead to nominal lowering of standards. In contrast, the quota system can lead to a heavy lowering of standards. Similar, is the case in South Africa where the new constitution envisages a programme of affirmative action. We need to identify the ones who are really needy, downtrodden a nd under privileged. Then, we need to provide them with proper incentives such as education, opportunities and financial backing. After that real talent and hardwork should be awarded and accepted instead of blindly guaranteeing anyone a secure future merely on the basis of caste even though he/she is least deserving. Merit should be the criteria because the country needs the best of its people in order to develop and not those who are harnessing the unmerited and undeserved benefits just because they belong to a section of society which has been luckily marked in the Constitution as under-developed. It is so disheartening to see a well deserving candidate with a promising future to lose out to another less deserving candidate because he happens to be from a reserved section of the society-fortunately or unfortunately. Why should a deserving individual suffer only because he happens to be a part of the so-called privileged class of society-unfortunately or merely because of the faulty policy of the state? Nothing much has changed since the past 60 years proving that we have misdirected our energies in the wrong direction. We have failed utterly in bringing the under-privileged at an equal footing with the rest of the society. Rather, many a times, it seems that the reservation policy tries to avenge the wrong done to the non-privileged all these years. We have successfully paralysed a section of the society permanently and blocked their upward mobility by killing their zeal to work hard and be rewarded. Who will want to work hard if one gets an opportunity and other incentives without burning the midnight oil? Instead of encouraging this kind of lethargy, the policy should be formulated in such a way as to harness the real cream of every section of the society regardless of their caste or community for the betterment of the society. In view of the present scenario, it is needed to keep aside the narrow vote bank politics and think truly for the betterment of the under-privileged and honestly pursue! policies and programmes for their upliftment.

AP Test Dates 2020 Complete Calendar

AP Test Dates 2020 Complete Calendar SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Looking for the 2020 AP exam dates? We have the complete 2020 AP test datesas well as advice for getting through the busy May exam season. Keep reading to stay on top of your 2019-20 study schedule and to get tips for dealing with the stress of endless AP tests! 2020 AP Exam Dates Here are the AP exam dates for 2020. All exams take place during the first two weeks of May (you'll receive your results in mid-July). Note that there is not an exam for AP Studio Art, but the portfolio deadline falls during the exam period. All AP test dates have been confirmed by the College Board. If you’re taking two AP classes whose exam times conflict, talk to your school counselor; the College Board will work with you to give you a late testing slot for one of them. Week 1 AP Schedule (2020) Morning (8 am) Afternoon (12 pm) Afternoon (2 pm) Monday (May 4) United States Government and Politics Physics C: Mechanics Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Tuesday (May 5) Calculus AB German Language and Culture Calculus BC Human Geography Wednesday (May 6) English Literature and Composition European History Physics 2: Algebra-Based Thursday (May 7) Chemistry Japanese Language and Culture Spanish Literature and Culture Physics 1: Algebra-Based Friday (May 8) United States History Art History Computer Science A Friday, May 8, 2020, is the deadline for AP Studio Art (2-D Art and Design, 3-D Art and Design, and Drawing). It's the last day for Coordinators to submit digital portfolios (by 8 pm ET) and to gather students in 2-D Design and Drawing for portfolio assembly. Teachers should have already forwarded completed digital portfolios to Coordinators before this date. Week 2 AP Schedule (2020) Morning (8 am) Afternoon (12 pm) Monday (May ) Biology Chinese Language and Culture Environmental Science Tuesday (May 12) Seminar Latin Spanish Language and Culture Psychology Wednesday (May 13) English Language and Composition Microeconomics Music Theory Thursday (May 14) Comparative Government and Politics Italian Language and Culture World History: Modern Macroeconomics Friday (May 15) Computer Science Principles Statistics French Language and Culture Want to get a perfect 5 on your AP exam and an A in class? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. How to Stay Focused During the AP Exam Period It can be tough to manage your time in May and feel prepared for each AP test- whether you’re taking two AP exams or five! I’m actually pretty familiar with the AP time crunch. In my last three years of high school, I had multiple exams every May, and each year had a different but equally challenging schedule. Sophomore year I had three AP tests in one week. Junior year I took two tests in two days. Senior year was more of a marathon: I took four tests, stretching from the first day of testing to the last! Whether your AP schedule feels like a sprint or a marathon, you can expect it to be challenging. From experience, I know it can be challenging to keep your energy and motivation up during the exam period. So my main piece of advice is to memorize your AP exam schedule as early as possible so you can start preparing for May. As an example, if you realize you’re going to have three AP tests in three days, you should get all of your studying out of the way before AP exams start. This way you can focus on staying rested during the exam period and not stress yourself out with last-minute cramming. On the other hand, if you have tests on the first Monday, the second Monday, and the last Friday of the exam period, you should plan to do some studying during May for your last two tests. That said, definitely prioritize the test you’re taking soonest, and make sure you’re prepared for it before May rolls around. Consult the tables above and figure out what your AP exam schedule looks like for 2019. Next, follow our rules for staying focused and motivated during May. #1: Don’t Cram! By May, you should have learned all major concepts and taken at least one practice exam for each AP test you're taking. Trying to pull off last-minute studying during the exam period, such as by rushing through a prep book or taking tons of practice exams, will just stress you out. You’ll study more effectively if you give yourself plenty of time. If you finish major studying before May, you can use any extra time to review tricky concepts and to ensure you're getting enough rest. #2: Focus on Your Weak Points If you have one exam that you know is going to be the hardest for you, prioritize any extra time you have in May toward that test. For example, if you’re taking both AP Calculus AB and AP US History- and you’re pretty confident about Calculus- you can use any extra time in May to keep working on AP US History. Memorize dates, practice essay questions, or review your notes. If you try to spend equal time on every upcoming exam in May, you risk spreading yourself too thin. Again, this is why it's so important to begin studying early so you have enough time to learn all the major concepts for your tests well before May! #3: Timing Is Everything When doing practice sections in April or May- either multiple choice or free response- be sure to time yourself strictly so you're prepared for actual AP test timing. Earlier in the year, it’s appropriate to take a few untimed multiple choice or free-response sections. But right before your AP tests, you need to make sure that you're prepared for what the actual exam timing will be like. Do this, and it'll make taking the AP tests much less stressful, since you'll be used to the time constraints! #4: Don’t Burn Yourself Out If you have multiple exams in a week, or two days in a row (or two in a day!), limit heavy studying during that time and instead confirm that you’re getting enough rest. Right before an AP test, getting enough sleep and eating a healthy, balanced breakfast or lunch will do far more to improve your score than will memorizing a few more facts or doing one more practice test. #5: Be Self-Reflective If you’re the type to obsess over studying and get really anxious about tests, try to actively make time to do something fun or get some exercise in during the AP exam period. Whether that's doing yoga, going for a run, or reading your favorite book, taking time to relax is key, since anxiety can (and will!) negatively affect your performance on test day. However, if you’re having a tough time staying motivated late in the year and have been slacking on studying, definitely take the time you have left in May to do some practice sections or review key terms. Remember, finishing strong and doing well on your AP tests is important to getting the most out of your AP classes! #6: Don’t Forget Your Other Classes Most teachers should be sympathetic about homework and assignments during the AP test period, but you still want to be surethat your schedule isn’t crammed with cramming in case you have to deal with non-AP class assignments, too. Your high school GPA is very important for college admissions, so don't let AP exams completely distract you from your other classes! #7: Remember Your Goals Whether you’re hoping to ace AP Spanish so you won’t have to take a language in college, or you're aiming for high scores across the board to make you competitive for top schools, don't lose track of your goals during May. Even though it can be exhausting and stressful to have a handful of AP exams, make sure to keep your reasons for taking the tests in the back of your mind. This will give you the motivation you need to finish strong and pass your exams! What About AP Test Dates for Future Years? You might be wondering what the AP exam schedule is for 2021 and beyond. Unfortunately, we cannot predict the schedule exactly. This is because the AP Calendar tends to change a bit from year to year. Since there are always slight changes, we can’t say for certain what the 2021 calendar will look like- even though the changes from year to year are often minor. Here are the schedules from the last three years, with changes from the previousyear highlighted in yellow: 2019 AP Testing Schedule Week 1 (2019) Morning (8 am) Afternoon (12 pm) Monday (May 6) United States Government and Politics Chinese Language and Culture Environmental Science Tuesday (May 7) Seminar Japanese Language and Culture Spanish Language and Culture Physics 1: Algebra-Based Wednesday (May 8) English Literature and Composition European History French Language and Culture Thursday (May 9) Chemistry German Language and Culture Spanish Literature and Culture Psychology Friday (May 10) United States History Computer Science Principles Physics 2: Algebra-Based Week 2 (2019) Morning (8am) Afternoon (12pm) Afternoon (2pm) Monday (May 13) Biology Physics C: Mechanics Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Tuesday (May 14) Calculus AB Art History Calculus BC Human Geography Wednesday (May 15) English Language and Composition Italian Language and Culture Macroeconomics Thursday (May 16) Comparative Government and Politics Statistics World History Friday (May 17) Microeconomics Computer Science A Music Theory Latin 2018 AP Testing Schedule Week 1 (2018) Morning (8 am) Afternoon (12 pm) Monday (May 7) Chemistry Psychology Spanish Literature and Culture Tuesday (May 8) Seminar Art History Spanish Language and Culture Physics 1: Algebra-Based Wednesday (May 9) English Literature and Composition Japanese Language and Culture Physics 2: Algebra-Based Thursday (May 10) United States Government and Politics Chinese Language and Culture Environmental Science Friday (May ) German Language and Culture Computer Science Principles United States History Week 2 (2018) Morning (8am) Afternoon (12pm) Afternoon (2pm) Monday (May 14) Biology Physics C: Mechanics Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Music Theory Tuesday (May 15) Calculus AB French Language and Culture Calculus BC Computer Science A Wednesday (May 16) English Language and Composition Italian Language and Culture Macroeconomics Thursday (May 17) Comparative Government and Politics Statistics World History Friday (May 18) Human Geography Latin Microeconomics European History 2017 AP Testing Schedule Week 1 (2017) Morning (8 am) Afternoon (12 pm) Monday (May 1) Chemistry Psychology Environmental Science Tuesday (May 2) Computer Science A Art History Spanish Language and Culture Physics 1: Algebra-Based Wednesday (May 3) English Literature and Composition Japanese Language and Culture Physics 2: Algebra-Based Thursday (May 4) United States Government and Politics Chinese Language and Culture Seminar Friday (May 5) German Language and Culture Computer Science Principles United States History Week 2 (2017) Morning (8am) Afternoon (12pm) Afternoon (2pm) Monday (May 8) Biology Physics C: Mechanics Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Music Theory Tuesday (May 9) Calculus AB French Language and Culture Calculus BC Spanish Literature and Culture Wednesday (May 10) English Language and Composition Italian Language and Culture Macroeconomics Thursday (May ) Comparative Government and Politics Statistics World History Friday (May 12) Human Geography Latin Microeconomics European History 2016 AP Testing Schedule Week 1 (2016) Morning (8 am) Afternoon (12 pm) Monday (May 2) Chemistry Psychology Environmental Science Tuesday (May 3) Computer Science A Art History Spanish Language and Culture Physics 1: Algebra-Based Wednesday (May 4) English Literature and Composition Japanese Language and Culture Physics 2: Algebra-Based Thursday (May 5) Calculus AB Chinese Language and Culture Calculus BC Seminar Friday (May 6) German Language and Culture European History United States History Week 2 (2016) Morning (8am) Afternoon (12pm) Afternoon (2pm) Monday (May 9) Biology Physics C: Mechanics Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Music Theory Tuesday (May 10) United States Government and Politics French Language and Culture Spanish Literature and Culture Wednesday (May ) English Language and Composition Italian Language and Culture Macroeconomics Thursday (May 12) Comparative Government and Politics Statistics World History Friday (May 13) Human Geography Latin Microeconomics There was quite a bit of change in AP test scheduling from 2018 to 2019- nearly half of all the AP exams moved around time- or day-wise (although most of the change happened to tests in the afternoon of week 1). From 2017 to 2018, just four changes in the AP schedule took place. These were as follows: Spanish Literature and Culture switched from the afternoon in week 2 to the morning in week 1 AP Seminar shifted from the afternoon late in week 1 to a morning slot earlier in week 1 Environmental Sciencechanged from week 1 in the morning to week 1 in the afternoon Computer Science A went from a week 1 morning slot to a week 2 afternoon slot There were also some minor schedule changes between 2016 and 2017.The Calculus AB/BC and US Government and Politics tests switched slots in weeks 1 and 2, while European History moved from week 1 to week 2. Lastly, 2017 welcomed the new Computer Science Principles test, which began as an AP course in 2016. If you look back five or even 10 years, the dates change more, and the exams evolve as well. Some AP tests have been added over time (such as the new Physics exams), and some have been taken away, such as French Literature and Studio Art. In short, you can expect the AP test schedule for the next year or two to look somewhat similar to the 2020 schedule- but you can’t do any longer-term planning beyond that! What’s Next? Learn more about AP tests- how long they are, how many you should take, and which ones are the easiest and hardest for students. Also studying for the SAT or ACT? Develop a target SAT score based on your top schools (ACT version here). Studying for the SAT? Check out our complete guide to the SAT. Taking the ACT instead? Then get a complete guide to the ACT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

snakes motabolism essays

snakes motabolism essays Eating, or ingesting food, is one of the main characteristics of the animal kingdom. Most of these animals metabolize their food at a rapid passe. But the metabolism of a snake is much slower then many other animals. This is due to one major factor. That is the temperature in which their bodies are. The metabolism works the same as other animals. It is just slower in a snake. The metabolism needs to be slower since the snake doesn't eat very often. This paper will prove that a snakes metabolism is slow because of 4 different reasons: A. behavior B. evolution C. temperature D. lifestyle. Most animals (including humans) eat at least once a day. If we go longer then about a week we could die of starvation. This is because our metabolic rate is fast. It burns whatever food we eat to make energy. When there is no more food to burn then we need to eat again. We do not store food for long periods of time either. Snakes on the other hand don't have to eat half as much as we do. They can eat about once a month and still be well fed. Snakes can even go for a full year without food. Of course this wouldn't be very healthy, but they would be able to survive. The reason snake can do this is because they have a much slower metabolic rate. They can store their food for much longer. When food is burned/metabolized it makes heat energy for the organism to live. Snakes can get this energy from basking in the sun. this is why they can go longer with out food. (Internet source-houston.rr.com) "Metabolism" in a biochemical sense is burning food in slow motion. If you set fire to food, you get ash (residual carbon, salts and metals), carbon dioxide, water vapor (both lost as gasses), and a *whole* lot of energy in the form of heat. Metabolism is the same thing done very slowly. The body reduces food items to water, carbon dioxide, waste products, and a *whole* lot of energy. The difference is that, ...

Romans today Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Romans today - Coursework Example There are those who claim that the entertainment that takes place within Cowboys Stadium is too violent. The football games that take place inside it feature players who have taken nutritional supplements (and some of whom who have taken illegal performance enhancing drugs) in order to make themselves bigger, stronger and faster than the generations of football players before them. The purpose of this is to provide tackles that are bone-jarring enough to entertain, not just to bring a runner to the ground. After all, the original Colosseum featured fights to the death, not just among gladiators but also featuring people who were sentenced to be victims to lions patrolling the floor of the arena. The purpose of featuring this entertainment to such a massive audience is to sate the social desire for combat, for war. The dynamic of the crowd adds the emotional intensity (and the adrenaline) that keeps people from turning on one another; this element of their emotional spectrum is serviced by watching the deaths on the sandy pit, watching the blood soak into the ground. In modern times, putting on the colors of our favorite team and standing by to roar while they attack the team from another part of the world serves the same function. Our aggressive desires are managed, channeled, and

PRESENTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PRESENTATION - Essay Example (Hughes, et al 2004 p.160). Danforth Prince and Darwin Porter (2004) state that the Tate Modern is viewer-friendly with eye-level hangings.(p.166). The national collection of British art from 1500 to the present day, as well as international modern art from 1900 are displayed. The collection is spread over five floors, and encompasses art in all its forms. The works are displayed thematically rather than chronologically. The Tate Modern is famous for its special exhibitions. (Berry; Else 2005 p.109). In some rooms, paintings, sculptures and installations are placed adjacent to each other. Olson et al (2004) feel that the thematic display concept is challenging, â€Å"but they often seem spurious, lacking the quirky spirit of a mixed private collection where one person’s taste is the guide.† (p. 405). Customer Profile: Every year the Tate Modern works with a market research company to find out more about its visitors. Some of the findings of Tate Audience Research 2005-2006, at the art gallery by the BDRC: Business Development Research Consultants, are presented1: Nationality: Visitors from all over the world visit Tate Modern, from which a third are from Europe, most of whom live in London, others in the South East and in the rest of UK. 43% of visitors are male and 57% female. Frequency: At Tate Modern, an average of 45% of visitors are on their first visit, 43% have visited in the last 12 months and 12% have been over a year ago. Age-group: More than a third of the visitors at Tate Modern are in the age group of 25-34. The next largest age group is 17-24, followed by the group 45-59 years old, and only 9% are 60+ in age. Display of Braque’s Work in Tate Modern: The entire range of Braque’s work is on display. Having trained in Art, in 1906 Braque began painting landscapes in the ‘Fauve’ style. But in

Indigenous Australians Study - Groups Experiencing Inequality Essay Example for Free

Indigenous Australians Study Groups Experiencing Inequality Essay 517,000 people or 2. 5% of the total Australian population is ATSI. In 2006, the ATSI population had a median age of 21 years compared with 37 years for the non-Indigenous population. In June 2006, 32% of ATSI’s people living in major cities, 43% in regional areas, and 25% in remote areas. MORTALITY Life expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men is 67. 2 years where for non-indigenous men it is 78. 7 years. For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, their life expectancy is 72. 9 years and 82. 6 years for non-Indigenous women Male Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infant mortality in the Northern Territory was about 15 deaths per 1,000 live births, while female Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infant mortality was 12 deaths per 1,000. For non-Indigenous males the rate was 4. 4 deaths per 1,000 births and for females it was 3. 3 deaths per 1,000 The main causes of death is diseases of the circulatory system (668 or 25. 7%), Neoplasms (495 or 19. 0%), External causes of mortality (353 or 13. 6%) and Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (251 or 9. 7%) accounted for just over two-thirds (68. 0%) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander deaths. MORBIDITY Main causes of poor health: †¢Asthma †¢Heart and circulatory problems/diseases †¢Hearing loss and diseases of the ear †¢Diabetes †¢Kidney Disease Asthma was reported by around one in seven Indigenous Australians (15%) in 2004-05 ATSI people were 1. 6 times more likely to report asthma as non-Indigenous people. Asthma was reported almost twice as often in non-remote areas (17%) as in remote areas (9%) with ATSI’s. Indigenous people were 1. 3 times more likely than non-Indigenous people to report heart disease and/or circulatory problems Around one in eight Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (12%) reported ear diseases and/or hearing problems in 2004-05, compared to 15% reported in 2001 In 2004-05, half the adult Indigenous population (50%) were current daily smokers. Indigenous adults are more than twice as likely as non-Indigenous adults to be current daily smokers. In 2004-05, around half of all Indigenous adults (49%) reported having consumed alcohol in the week prior to interview, of whom one-third (16%) reported drinking at risky/high risk levels. The sociocultural, socioeconomic and environmental determinants. Indigenous people are generally less healthy than other Australians, have lower life expectancy, higher levels of disability and a lower quality of life. The contributors to their poorer levels of health include: SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS Cultural divisions and conflicts since the European settlement -In 2008 only 19% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15 years and over and 13% of children (3–14 years) spoke an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander language. -In 2008, almost one-third (31%) of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged 3–14 years spent at least one day a week with an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leader or elder. -More Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are identifying with a clan, tribal or language group, increased from 54% in 2002 to 62% in 2008 Social factors ATSI reported sense of ‘loss of control of their own lives’ due to communal approaches to family, remoteness of communities and incompatibility with educational institutions and legal systems. 2008 AIHW emphasises that these social determinants clearly increase the likelihood of exposure to health risk factors such as: -Tobacco use – 50% of ATSI, twice as high as non-ATSI -Alcohol consumption – 1 in 6 reported chronic levels of risky drinking -Illicit drug use – twice the amount of reported illicit drug use SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS -The 1981 National Population and Housing Census indicated that the annual Aboriginal income per head was approximately one-half of that of the Australian population as a whole. -Lower incomes in ATSI relative to non-ATSI still persist, in 2006 median household incomes was only 55% of non-ATSI -More Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people completed Year 12 22% (of people aged 15 years and over) in 2008, up from 18% in 2002. -The unemployment rate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians fell from 23% in 2002 to 17% in 2008, but remained more than three times higher than the rate for non-Indigenous Australians (5% in 2008). ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS -Most (76%) of Aboriginals live in major cities and have access to adequate health care, clean water -Remote communities are affected by water shortages and poorer health services -Communication barriers exist The roles of individuals, communities and governments in addressing the health inequities. INDIVIDUALS Individuals in groups experiencing health inequities should focus solely on being as healthy as possible in their given circumstances. This includes the control of modifiable determinants of health and the utilisation of health services that are being provided. Modifiable determinants of health include: -Diet -Exercise -Smokers status Non-modifiable determinants of health include: -Age -Gender -Culture (role models within culture, social norms within culture etc) -Socioeconomic status -Geographic location -Access to health services -Education COMMUNITIES Health care services may not be accessed due to: -Location of health services in relation to home -Cost. -Cultural barriers (if it is not something that family members have done, others may not be inclined to do it) -Time (a full-time student or mother for example may not have time to go out of their way to get screening or testing done) Some services that are provided include: -All initiatives of ‘Close the Gap’ program -COAG Mental Health Mental Health services in Rural and Remote Areas (MHSRRA) -Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Aged Care Workforce Employment and Training Funding -Mobile Dental Services (Closing the Gap Indigenous dental services in rural and regional areas) -Substance Use Combating Petrol Sniffing. -Northern Territory Remote Health Workforce Child Abuse Training and Development -Mobile Outreach Service (MOS) Health services aim to: -Increase life expectancy of ATSI -Provide better education opportunities for students and ensure work placement for those who attend tertiary schools to increase attendance and completion of secondary school -Increase access to health services for the benefit of prevalence and incidence of illness and disease GOVERNMENTS. Organisations in charge of the health of ATSI peoples: -The Australian Government Department of Health: Rural and Regional Health + Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health -NACCHO: The National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation -AHMRC: The Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW Some health services being implemented to ATSI peoples at a government level: -Close the Gap -Healthy For Life -Strong Fathers Strong Families. -National Partnership Agreement for Indigenous Early Childhood Development (NPA IECD) -New Directions: Mothers and Babies Services Indigenous Health National Partnership Agreement 5 Priority Areas of Bettering Aboriginal Health 1. Tackling Smoking 2. Primary health care services that can deliver 3. Fixing the gaps and improving the patient journey 4. Providing a healthy transition to adulthood 5. Making Indigenous health everyone’s business.

Discuss the argument that the current pre-dominance of black athletes :: essays research papers fc

Discuss the argument that the current pre-dominance of black athletes in world sprinting is a social and not a ‘racial’ phenomenon. The following essay will discuss the argument that the current pre-dominance of black athletes in the world of sprinting is a social and not a racial phenomenon. Firstly the article will examine the physical differences between black and white athletes. Secondly, this article will discuss stereotypical beliefs in the world of sport. This essay will give an objective examination of the above issues and to challenge beliefs held and conveyed by individuals. The best 200 times for the 100m sprints, which are all under 10 seconds are all currently held by black athletes, and in addition sprinter of West African decent have filled all eight lanes at the last four Olympics. There is much preprandial musing on why it is that so many of the worlds best runners are black. The issue of race in sport is somewhat baffling in that many people would rather not address at all even though sport has been intricately intertwined with racial issues throughout the Twentieth century. Those who would have us omit the topic altogether argue that analyses typically single out the black athlete, and then attempt to explain his/her inordinate success in ways different than we do with other groups. Critics contend that this is racist, since it perpetuates the idea that blacks are different, and often inferior. Edwards (1972) asserts that a typical theme resulting from such analysis is that blacks are physically superior, but intellectually inferior, to whites. Hoberman (1997) has further made the case that physical prowess, especially in such sports as basketball, has become a defining characteristic of the African-American community, and that beliefs about physical superiority are closely related to an anti-intellectualism that permeates black male culture. Essentiall y, Hoberman’s argument is that inordinate attention and idolization of prominent black athletes such as Michael Jordan has focused attention away from more realistic and important role models, and this, in turn has stunted intellectual, and social economic development in black communities. Dramatically different percentages of blacks and whites engaged in various sports are not random events. It appears that blacks concentrate on sports in which future economic incentives exist, and in which exclusive training facilities, equipment, and personalized coaching is not necessary during the developmental years. On the other hand, whites tend to gravitate toward individual sports in which developmental expenses are relatively high; they tend to engage in team sports in which future employment as professionals is minimal.

The Characters in Troilus and Criseyde

Characters Achilles, warrior who kills Troilus and Hector in battle Antenor, a soldier held captive by the Greeks, led to the fall of Troy, traded for Criseyde's safety Calchas, a Trojan prophet who joins the Greeks Criseyde, Calchas' daughter Helen, wife to Menelaus, lover of Paris Pandarus, Criseyde's uncle, advises Troilus in the wooing of Criseyde Priam, King of Troy Cassandra, Daughter of Priam, a prophetess at the temple of Apollo Hector, Prince of Troy, fierce warrior and leader of the Trojan armies Troilus, Youngest son of Priam, and wooer of Criseyde Paris, Prince of Troy, lover of HelenDeiphobus, Prince of Troy, aids Troilus in the wooing of Criseyde Synopsis Criseyde, the daughter of the seer Calchas, lives alone in Troy after her father abandons the Trojans to help the Greeks. Eventually she catches the eye of Troilus, a man who had previously scoffed at love, and becomes the object of his overwhelming desire. With the help of Criseyde’s uncle Pandarus he wins her love but soon loses it when the Greeks and the Trojans conduct an exchange of prisoners. Calchas, who knows of Troy’s imminent destruction, persuades the Greeks to exchange Antenor for his daughter and thus saves her from the doomed city.Criseyde promises Troilus that she’ll return to him after ten days but once she’s back in the care of her father she realizes the impossibility of her promise. Resigned to her fate, Criseyde yields to the flirtations of Diomedes, and her love for Troilus fades. When Deiphobus wins the armor of Diomedes, Troilus discovers a brooch he gave Criseyde upon her departure pinned to it. Heartbroken, he tries to find Diomedes and take his revenge during battle but after slaying many is in his turn killed by Achilles. As his spirit goes to heaven he reflects on the absurdity of all life itself. work cited Wikipedia online encyclopaedia

Milk and Fresh Fruit Juice Essay

Breast milk can be produced fresh or can be frozen for use at a later date. Breast milk can be left for up to five days in a fridge with a tempeture of 4 degrees Celsius or lower, it can be left up to two weeks in the freezer compartment of a fridge. If the breast milk is frozen it can be left up to six months in a freezer with a tempeture of at least minus 18 degrees Celsius. It is recommended by the department of health that formula milk should be made fresh rather than made up in advance, for more convience liquid formula can be bought. If liquid formula isn’t available then a flask with boiling water can be made so formula can be made when needed. EYMP3-5.2 It is important to follow carer’s instructions regarding dietary requirements as some children will have severe reactions to some food. Diabetic children will have specific dietary requirements that need to be followed carefully because if not could lead to the child having low or high blood sugars. Children that have food intolerances may get diarrhoea if they are given foods that they are intolerant to. Children with known allergies should be supervised whilst eating. The signs of an allergic reaction are; swelling of the lips and eyes, redness of the face or other parts of the body. They could also start to itch or have difficulty breathing. Children with a severe may be prescribed an epi pen and training should be given before administrating. EYMP3-5.3 EYMP 3 – 5.4 Educating children in food management and portion control is very important as eating habits developed in childhood will continue into later life. Education starts with the parents and it is in the home where all children’s eating habits are formed. Leaflets should be given to parents when they give birth about properly feeding their children and the importance of nutritional value of food. Nurseries and schools should give regular newsletters to parents with the importance of nutritional value in foods. Educational establishments should educate children and parents about the importance of portion control and ensure that correct portion sizes are given. This message can be reinformed with smaller plates. Health Visitors, school nurseries, health professionals and dieticians are all crucial in spreading the message to children and parents about the importance of healthy eating and portion control. They are also crucial in checking that children are gaining weight healthily but not too much. Encouraging lots of physical play in school/nursery will help in keeping childrens weight under control. Educating children in the importance of not bullying other children who are overweight is also very important. SHC 32 – 1.1 Job description Look after children and ensure they are kept healthy and safe Ensure all health and safety guidelines are strictly adhered to Carry out risk assessments before any new activities/toys are introduced Devise educational and fun activities for children from age 4 to 11 Supervises activities Supervise children Read to the children Supervise toilet trips Prepare healthy and nutricious snacks for children Keep play areas clean and tidy Assist children with homework Baking with the children SHC 32 1.2 I am expected to follow the following codes of practice:- Safeguarding – ensuring that the children are kept safe whilst in our care and also be very observant as to what happens when the children are not in our care, ie if the children arrive with bruises or if they are upset, shaken or distressed when they arrive or as they are leaving. Also to make sure that other staff treat all the children well and do not mistreat any of them. Whistleblowing Policy – ensuring that if there is anything that we do not feel comfortable about, for example if we feel that one of the staff members are behaving inappropriately towards any of the children, we are expected to report this to our Manager to ensure that action is taken to prevent further mistreatment. Health & Safety at Work Act – acting responsibly in the environment in which we work. Ensuring that we follow all guidelines to keep our work place safe and that we keep ourselves, our colleagues and the children safe. National minimum standards – EYFS Welfare Requirements – ensuring that children are developing properly in line with targets set for their ages. National Occupational Standards – Ensuring that we conform to best practice set within the industry to make sure that we are complying with standards set. SHC 32 – 2.3 Working practices may be affected if hypothetically my Manager decided that a game of hopscotch was not appropriate for the young children to play but, as a younger person, I believed that it was a safe game to play. I would have a discussion with my Manager and explain why I thought it was safe and my Manager would explain that she had carried out a risk assessment for Hopscotch and decided that it was inappropriate. In a previous role, I did not agree with the way a member of staff disciplined young children when she was unhappy with their behaviour. She shouted at the child without coming down to their level or explaining what the child did. I was uncomfortable with this and brought it to the attention of my Manager who addressed this with the member of staff. This gave me the confidence and experience to ensure that I was very aware of the way my colleagues behaved and to take appropriate action when required. SHC 32 4.1 I have regular meetings with my Supervisor to discuss how I am progressing within my role and any feedback from parents or colleagues is passed on to me. I have regular meetings with my Manager to discuss my progression where I am asked if I need any additional help or whether I have any comments as to how we can make things better. I regularly meet with my colleagues to discuss planning and how we can make things better for the children and planning activities for the different age groups to ensure all our activities are consistent with each other. I have regular appraisals to monitor my progress and to give and receive feedback about my role and development. I have a college tutor who is there to help me develop my role, develop as an employee and develop my skills as I work towards my Level 3. I frequently research new activities and legislation on the internet to consistently develop. EYMP 4 – 4.1 It is key to review my practice to ensure that I am fully up to date with latest legislation as things change so frequently and it is important that children are always kept safe and parents are always kept fully informed. It is important to think critically about what I do in my work and analyse how I do it and why I do it that way and asses the effectiveness of what I am doing at work and how I can become more effective. It is something that we need to do regularly to get a clearer picture of what we do in our roles and assess whether we are being really effective.

buy custom Life Balance essay

buy custom Life Balance essay The modern lifestyles are hectic and responsibilities taxing. An individual is taxed by demanding obligations both at work and at home to a point where the body, mind and sensory system is overwhelmed. Yet most of the engagements that an individual has to see through by the end of the day only reinforce the exhaustion of yester days, to a point where everyone is in a constant state of exhaustion, stress and depression. The more one works the more the boss demands. The more one gives to the family, the more is demanded. At the end of it all, leisure becomes something to read about and never to experience (Haworth Veal, 2004). It is funny that technology, which is supposed to have made work easier, has actually made people more occupied with tasks. There is never a day that one sits back and feels that he or she is free, without deadlines to beat, without demands pressing him or her down and without any calling schedules. That means that individuals are today in a constant state of work, at home and at the work place. The consequence of these has been frequent nervous breakdowns, stress, depression and other chronic diseases like heart failure (Iso-Ahola Haworth, 1997). The mantra of modern production at the work place is to give as much as it takes to get the job done, sleepless, break-less, meal-less and illogical spells included. There never seems to be a moment to leave the job behind and devote a moment to one's self. Even when the office hours are done, there will be a carry home assignment and of course, the kids will be waiting for their quality time. Workaholics perpetuate their engagements with family and social responsibilities until there is never a time to relax and calm down the nerves. The body soon burns out and diseases raid in (Trenberth Dewe, 2002). The definition of leisure is an engagement that is not work and which only purpose is self amusement. Leisure is an activity that one enjoys and in which the body, mind and soul rejoices in doing whether or not it is beneficial. Leisure activities demand very little from our bodies and from our mind, Insted of taxing an individual, leisure activities stimulate relaxation and enjoyment (Haworth Veal, 2004). This paper reviews the role of leisure in the day to day life of an individual whether in view of his or her career or in general life. The relevant question is what part does leisure play in our lives? The paper identifies notable schools of thoughts and experts in the contemporary body of knowledge and summarizes what these experts agree on when it comes to the role of leisure to ones career of life. This application of knowledge is used to determine how a leisure facility manager should organize his facility to cater for leisure activities that help individuals to cope better with the stress and strains of daily life and career demands. A final opinion is offered in respect to the arguments developed in the paper, as a conclusion on what role leisure plays in ones life or career. There have been many experts writing on the importance of leisure as a scale on which to balance work and life. Leisure has been deemed important in maintaining the life/work balance today. Kerry Patterson for instance is the co-author of the bestselling book, Crucial Confrontations, This book explores the points at which an individual must put a stop to one engagement and pick the other. He writes about a point at which one should limit the interruption of such technology as the mobile phone and internet and a point at which work must be separated from life. Peterson believes that a work email should never be viewed during leisure hours since if that accrues; work has crossed the borders and domineered on life. In the same way, personal relationships should not be allowed to cross the bridge to the work place. Colleen DeBaise is a world renown columnist in Washington Post and numerous other periodicals both offline and offline. Her column on Washington Post is called Balancing Work and Life. In most of her writing, she stresses on the need for entrepreneurs to balance their lives and their business commitments such that there is a moment in their lives to be themselves and not businesspersons. She is also the Editor in Chief and proprietor of SmartMoney.com, and she therefore knows what it means to be in entrepreneurship Al Gini is among the most prominent authors in the world on the subject of work/life balance. She has written a book titled, The Importance of being Lazy: In Praise of Play, Leisure and Vocation. In this book, she draws heavily on recent research findings about the American vacation habits. Her conclusion is that 'doing nothing' is one of the most fundamental human needs for healthy, happy individuals (Gini, 2003). Ruth Ostrow, a former Australian financial writer of prominent publications as The Finance Review, The Weekend Australian and BRW Magazine attained her prime in the late 1980s and early 1990's only to quit the corporate lifestyle on a near nervous breakdown (Ostrow, 2009). Today, she is a renowned speaker and writer on life/work balance and the need for leisure. She has written bestselling books. Her most thought provoking works are accessible at ruthostrow.com/worklifebalance.htm, where she frequently stresses on the need for a balanced work life. She draws heavily on her personal wreck due to the rat-race of workholism and the new passion she gained when work became part of her life and not her life parse (Ostrow, 2009). Some notable authors who should never miss a mention in a discussion about work and leisure are John Trevor Haworth and Anthony James Veal. They are the co-authors of the acclaimed work/life manual, Work and Leisure. The authors use some though provoking statistics to conclude that the more one works without leisure, the less effective and efficient he or she becomes. The more one works without leisure the more unproductive he or she becomes due to body malfunctions, complications and general fatigue in body and mind. Interestingly, these two authors draws heavily from the works of Joseph Pieper and Romano Guradini who identifies a point in time when America became very productive and yet people had the most amount of time for leisure. The trend observed has been a decrease in leisure allowance over the years and with it a decrease of efficient productivity in employees. Buy custom Life Balance essay

Midsummer Nights Dream

Two of Shakespeare’s greatest and well known works are A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Romeo and Juliet. In the two stories, there are many paralleled similarities that are very noticeable, and some that aren’t as noticeable. First and foremost, the two stories are about star crossed lovers, one with a single pair, being Romeo and Juliet, and the other with two pairs, Lysander and Hermia, and then Demetrius and Helena, though Demetrius sought after Hermia love until the love spell with put upon him. In Romeo and Juliet, their two families are long time rivals, so naturally they have a problem with them falling in love, and they are forbidden to be with one another. In Midsummer Night’s Dream, Lysander and Hermia are in love, but Hermia’s father forbids their matrimony and gives only Demetrius his daughter’s hand in marriage. This of course leads to their rebellion against their parents, and they find other means to see each other, whether they have permission or not. They all met in semi-secluded, but somewhat public places, Juliet’s window being one because Romeo could have easily been spotted, and the forest for Lysander and Hermia, where many people walked through and the f airies socialized.... Midsummer Night's Dream Free Essays on Romeo And Juliet/ Midsummer Night's Dream Two of Shakespeare’s greatest and well known works are A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Romeo and Juliet. In the two stories, there are many paralleled similarities that are very noticeable, and some that aren’t as noticeable. First and foremost, the two stories are about star crossed lovers, one with a single pair, being Romeo and Juliet, and the other with two pairs, Lysander and Hermia, and then Demetrius and Helena, though Demetrius sought after Hermia love until the love spell with put upon him. In Romeo and Juliet, their two families are long time rivals, so naturally they have a problem with them falling in love, and they are forbidden to be with one another. In Midsummer Night’s Dream, Lysander and Hermia are in love, but Hermia’s father forbids their matrimony and gives only Demetrius his daughter’s hand in marriage. This of course leads to their rebellion against their parents, and they find other means to see each other, whether they have permission or not. They all met in semi-secluded, but somewhat public places, Juliet’s window being one because Romeo could have easily been spotted, and the forest for Lysander and Hermia, where many people walked through and the f airies socialized....

Culturally Responsive Teaching Summary and Response Research Paper

Culturally Responsive Teaching Summary and Response - Research Paper Example The process of learning is enhanced and all children are learning together. In most situations, children learn more about the global world through the process of learning about different cultures. This is very important because we live in a global world that provides for many cultures who come to the United States to learn and to grow. Many students come to the United States, stay, and make a living. As they enter classrooms at the K-12 and college levels, they are being trained for work; which can require more global knowledge. The aspects of this paper will provide a synopsis of three articles that are research or theory pertaining to CRT. The articles have been chosen from the university library through various academic journals. Summary of Journal Articles Kozleski (2010) begins this discussion in the article that provides information about why CRT is important. Kozleski makes the point that teachers have a responsibility to set aside their biases about certain cultures and provide opportunities for students to interact with one another. These actions, according to Kozleski, will help students stay engaged in their learning. Another important feature of a cultural classroom is that it helps children become engaged in citizenry. For teachers, this means that they begin to negotiate and facilitate instead of lecture and provide orders of what students must do. Teachers who engage in this type of classroom will take into consideration the culture that the children grow up in and will provide them with activities that promote their culture (Kozlewski, 2010). CRT classrooms allow students and teachers to engage in a variety of perspectives that promote activities from many different lenses. As an example, students may study slavery from th e point of the slavers and abolitionists, and then study it from the viewpoint of slave narratives. This action would promote an important piece of the puzzle and create bridges between children and with the teacher. Kozlewski (2010) also promotes the idea of working in communities with children. She states that this takes planning and â€Å"explicit teaching around social interactions† (p. 2) which ultimately creates an environment where all students feel comfortable learning. Another important aspect of

Classify each person into 1 profile group Essay

Classify each person into 1 profile group - Essay Example yers suggested that a fourth dichotomy, (with the contrasting poles of perceiving and judging), also has an effect on the characteristics of personality type- Judging- perceiving (J and P respectively.) All possible permutations of the four criteria mentioned above produce sixteen different combinations/possibilities representing which of the different poles/ends in each of the 4 (four) dichotomies dominates in an individual, thus defining sixteen different personality types. The sixteen personality types can be assigned a combination of four letters (i.e. an acronym) corresponding to the different ends in each of the four dichotomies (Penner et al 67-90) Various descriptions clearly suggest that George W. Bush belong in the ESTJ. His pictures and character are those of an extravert. As a child, Bush is portrayed as something of the family crown of entertainer. He takes extravert roles such as cheerleader and runs for fraternity president. He gets a playboy status and shows a bias for operation by flying for the Texas Air National Guard. On the political campaign, his trail comes across as active, sociable, energetic and outgoing. In contrast, his democratic opponents-Al Gore and John Perry- both earned reputations as being too stiff, wooden or boring (Jones3-6). His tendency to spend time at his ranch or ant Camp David may at first suggest preference for introversion. However, a closer look at his behavior in these settings further suggests a preference for extraversion in that a key theme is sociability- in addition to the presence of presidential staff; he is known to engender long and active days that often involve family and fri ends. Intuition and Sensing refer to different ways of comprehending. People who prefer sensing are described as realistic, practical, and always focused on living in the present. People who prefer intuition are described as imaginative, oriented to the future or theoretical. According to an analysis, George W. Bush appears to be a

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

International trade - Essay Example in 20 countries of the world, so far the company has not expanded into one of the most important emerging economies in the world in the world, India. Goldman Sachs, in its world famous BRICs report has predicted that within the year 2050 four emerging economies, Brazil, Russia, Indian and China would have a combined GDP more than the combined GDP’s of G6 countries or the biggest present six economies of the world in terms of US Dollar. Income levels would rise in these economies and as a result there would be huge demand for consumer goods including motorcycles.. The Indian economy is predicted to surpass the economies of Italy, France, Germany and Japan by the years 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2035 respectively. The report also points out that the Indian economy shows the potential of accelerating the fastest for the period of next thirty to fifty years. (Dreaming with BRICs: The Path to 2050, 2003). This high rate of growth presents huge opportunities in front of local and multinational companies and this is the right time to invest in India. Moreover India is already one of the most important motorcycles and two-wheeler markets in the world. The domestic two-wheeler market size of Indian in the year 2007 was 7.86 million units which were 4.2 million units in the year 2004 (Automotive Industry, October 2007). India is already the 2nd largest two wheeler producing country in the world and as of 2007 two wheelers constituted around 76.2% of the total automobile market in the country with CAGR of 14.5%. Moreover out of this huge two wheeler market, 83.3% is constituted of motorcycles. All these data signify how important India is or should be for any motorcycles manufacturer of the world. So it is crucial for Triumph motorcycles Ltd. To venture into the Indian market seriously to leverage its present and future growth potential. On the other hand due to the subprime crisis which started in the US followed by the credit crisis, many economies including UK have suffered

Ethnic Identity Construction Essay Example for Free

Ethnic Identity Construction Essay Abstract The point of this paper is to help the reader grasp the different aspects of human identity construction with regards to ones race and/or ethnicity. This is a topic that is incredibly important to all races of people regardless of economic class or whatever else is seemingly more important. It is quite impossible to go throughout life without forming an idea of who you are or where you have come whether you care to make it a part of your daily life, have no choice or acknowledge it when it is convenient; without that knowledge I find it difficult to fully make the most of life. Through the readings from the semester and class discussions I have come to the conclusion that White ethnics choose to either assert their ethnicities thickly or thinly, or they chose to incorporate it into their lives symbolically. Blacks on the other side of the spectrum lack choice in their racial identity because their race is visible and so it is assigned to them. Asians have both the ability to choose to assert their specific ethnicities but they are racially assigned. The issue with racial and ethnic construction is that it is born of social construction-what others believe of your race to be true. This can make the identity construction process much more difficult depending upon your racial or ethnic background. Regardless, I find this to be an important part of the identity construction journey. How many cares one loses when one decides not to be something but to be someone. These words were spoken by the infamous French fashion designer, Gabrielle â€Å"Coco† Chanel. In America today, these words could not ring truer in the subject of identity. â€Å"Who am I? †, â€Å"Where do I come from? † All questions of self reflection which undoubtedly each individual asks themselves on a daily basis. These questions are not elaborate in structure but hold a great deal of weight to them and contain countless answers. White ethnics face the decision of whether or not to include their ethnicities into their identity construction; their racial invisibility gives them the choice to identify. Racial minorities self define differently from those of the white majority-there often is no choice. There are many different facets of identity construction that create the varying formulas with which Black Americans must create their racial identity. The blatant visibility of race for Blacks creates many of the difficulties that they face in the United States varying from the generalized stereotypes, entry into the coveted middle class of America. These are some of the factors that determine whether or not a positive Black identity is being formed. Lastly, Asian Americans, have found themselves in that strange middle ground of identity construction; their struggle is not exactly like that of Black Americans but they are also not easily accepted like the dominant white group. The unique factors that help Asian Americans shape their identity are the same ones that make it difficult for others outside of their race to define them. It is with this unusual combination that Asian Americans have been given the convenient ability to choose to assert their specific ethnicities and to assimilate like white ethnics while still feeling the effects of racial constraint and having their race assigned to them like Black Americans. White Ethnic Identity Construction Today we look at the possible ways the white racial group define themselves; how they appear to others of their same race as well as to non-whites and the impact of American societal expectations on the self, ultimately creating a portrait of how white ethnics construct their ethnic identity throughout the generations and the evolution of ethnic value over time. It is all too common to hear an individual say â€Å"I don’t care what people think of me† or â€Å"Their opinion doesn’t matter,† although that may be their thought process, little do they know that it is the interaction with other human beings that helps form each person’s sense of self and that every person’s opinion of you matters a great deal. â€Å"Identity cannot exist apart from a group†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Gans, 1991, p. 430). Each person bounces their personality off of other people and it is from their reactions to us that we base our identities on. This idea is called â€Å"The Looking Glass Self† developed by Charles Cooley. Cooley argues that every time we interact with another person, we see ourselves in a mirror that they hold up to us and our reflections shape our sense of self (Butler-Sweet, 2011, Sep. 20). Essentially our self definitions are based on how others see us. We cannot escape it, the society that we live in is based on interaction with other people and humans, by nature are visual; we judge first by what we see. This is why race is the defining factor in American society but mainly for non-whites. The white race in America is dominate, however, it is not dominate because of the race itself but because of the culture that was formed from it. This idea of â€Å"whiteness† stems from European ideals where historically white ethnics had the most education and were Christians opposed to the non-Christians who were also not white. When Europeans came over to America they brought these ideals with them and used them as a foundation for the new culture they were creating that placed large emphasis on church, family, and accumulating wealth and with that social status (Zack, 1998, p. 61). These ideals were the foundation of American culture and since this culture was created by whites, American became synonymous with white, white became the norm and therefore transparent. If you are white in America it is highly unlikely that you will notice your race on a daily basis unless you are placed in a situation where you are surrounded by non-whites and forced into awareness. It is a definite advantage to have your race be invisible to everyone; when you are accustomed to seeing something, you do not think about it. That being said, according to the â€Å"Looking Glass Self†, hardly anyone, white or non-white will reflect a white person’s whiteness to them. Having race viewed as insignificant in a white individual’s identity. Due impart, to the diminished importance of race to white identity construction, ethnicity among white ethnics is a choice. White ethnics can decide if they want their ethnicity to be a part of what shapes their identity and if they do chose to assert an ethnicity they chose once again if they want to assert it thickly or thinly. Growing up in Connecticut, I know that there is not as wide a variety of ethnicities as there could be among white ethnics but in a few of the less suburban areas in Connecticut, namely New Britain, certain white ethnics choose to thickly assert their ethnicity. In New Britain there is a large population of Polish white ethnics; they speak the language and have ethnic markets and restaurants. They choose to incorporate their ethnicity into their everyday lives and associate with those of that same ethnicity. On the flip side, in my suburban hometown of Farmington, Connecticut, there were a decent amount of Polish people who attended my high school however, most choose to thinly assert their ethnicity mostly by only claiming their ethnicity when it came to soccer or eating polish food during the holidays. The importance of ethnicity to white ethnics is often asserted thinly if at all. The amount of emphasis placed on the value of ethnic identity among whites is not the same as it has been in times past; the emphasis has now been placed on American culture and what is considered valuable. If white ethnics choose to include their ethnicity in their identity today, it would most likely be symbol of what once was. When Europeans first came to America from whichever country, their original ethnic background was everything. The language, food, traditions, clothing and music was a constant influence on their everyday lives as first generation Americans. Community ties to people of your same ethnicity were incredibly important as it was an extension of your immediate family. Being the â€Å"new kids on the block† so to speak, was what kept these ethnic communities very tightly knit however, each generation after began to slowly back away from those original ties and started to assimilate into the dominate American culture. The acculturation process starts in second generation white ethnics where original ethnic traditions that they grew up with become not as important because now, fitting in to the dominate culture is the way to progress. The third generation white ethnic, has fully assimilated into American culture and has little interest in their ethnicity because by now they have figured out that in being a white ethnic, they fit into the dominate culture and ethnicity is not necessary. It may not necessarily be a hindrance to their economic, intellectual or social success, but it also is not a part of them that they feel needs to be asserted; it is at this point, that ethnic symbolism begins to show up (Gans, 1991, p. 430). Through intermarriage and acculturation, third generation white ethnics and beyond often know little about their ethnicity or by now ethnicities. Sometimes there are so many ethnicities to choose from, from either parent that a white ethnic will simply pick out the stereotypes of a certain ethnicity in their genetic arsenal that they feel they can identify most with as a way of feeling ethnic of their ethnic identity. Physical traits are often used as the indicator for which ethnicity a white ethnic will chose to identify with; one of my closest friends is Luxembourgian, German, Scandinavian, Swedish, Norwegian, and Scottish. Despite the fact that her last name itself is German, she chooses to associate her fair skin, blonde hair and blue eyes with her Scandinavian and Swedish ethnicities; this is probably in large part due to her mother’s family who’s history holds more interest to her as well as people who look the most like her. She uses her physical features as symbols of her ethnicity, nothing more. It is often that if one side of the family is more vocal about a certain ethnicity or ethnicities within the family that as a result, the children will associate more with that ethnicity or ethnicities (Waters, 1998, p.60). The majority of white ethnics are of the upper middle class in American society because the race is not a constraint for them and so they have access to jobs and to education that non-whites may not have. This American culture or â€Å"whiteness† by itself leads to a sense of monotony to some white ethnics and so the symbolic ethnicity comes into play as a way to liven things and bring back a since of individuality; to not be â€Å"just American† (Waters, 1998, p. 90). Non-whites in America maintain their ethnicity and embrace it because they are not given as equal a chance to assimilate into the dominate culture and without that opportunity, they are cut off from the jobs, that would provide money to become educated and progress in the American way and therefore stay very rooted in their original culture and maintain a strong sense of community which many white ethnics do not have. The constraints of white ethnic identity are few. The invisibility of whiteness gives white ethnics a definite upper hand and even further so, when it comes to their ethnicity they can make the choice. The possibilities for white ethnic identity and furthermore, their identity as a whole would seem to be very flexible. They lack only, it would seem when it comes to the sense of community. In the American culture, as it has evolved into today, the majority population’s focus is on wealth and social status and so nothing else comes to matter. White ethnics as a whole suffer little if any because, being the dominant race and culture; it is rare to find any door closed; the invisibility of their race gives them an unseen advantage which racial minorities do not have. Black Racial Identity Construction. As mentioned previously in discussing white ethnic identity construction, Cooley’s Looking Glass self was a prime factor in how identity is shaped, particularly for Black Americans. The mirror that is continuously held up to each Black person is a constant reminder that their race is a large part of how others define them. Unlike the dominant White group, race is nowhere close to being invisible for Blacks. W. E. B DuBois applies the basic idea of Cooley’s looking glass self, most specifically to the Black minority group with this concept of a â€Å"double consciousness† (Butler-Sweet, 2011, Nov. 3). Much like the looking glass, the double consciousness stresses that you will never be able to truly see yourself if you are of the Black minority group because others will see your race first and automatically reflect a negative image. If this double consciousness continues it can create, what Cornell West calls a Nihilistic threat; internalizing the negative impressions of your racial group and therefore yourself. Beverly Daniel Tatum points out in her book â€Å"‘Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? ’† that young children do not view racial differences as an issue but rather as a topic of curiosity, however, as the child reaches, what she calls, the â€Å"encounter stage† around adolescence race becomes very noticeable and if parents are not careful, their child will internalize all of the negative connotations of what it is to be Black (p. 55). The rest of that child’s life they will be reminded daily of their race, not necessarily in demeaning racial slurs, but in indirect forms of racism and prejudices. Unlike their White counterparts, Black Americans do not have the privilege of letting their race be invisible in society. Being the dominant group, White is expected and accepted-their race is invisible but as a minority group, Blacks do not have the choice of blending in; race is not only an assigned part of one’s identity if you are Black but it is thickly assigned which creates the boundaries and sense of separateness among the different racial groups. Identifying oneself as Black is essential for a member of the Black minority group if they wish to avoid self conflict. Wishing that you were not Black or attempting to be something other than Black only exasperates the issue. This negative view has to do with prejudices which transformed into stereotypes about Black Americans and translated into the negative Black identity which Black adolescents begin to form and even take with them into adulthood. Ones view of what it means to be Black can be fuelled primarily through stereotypes which can lead to a disdain of your own race. This could be expressed in a need to be the opposite of all those stereotypes, which was manifested as the Black kid not sitting at the all Black table (Tatum, 1997, p. 67). He refused to associate himself with those of his race because of the stereotypes that were reflected through â€Å"the looking glass. † This can at times be rectified later in life through exposure to positive examples of Black peoples, particularly those who are college educated. According to the double consciousness, the fact that you are Black is already assigned and therefore asserting it further, is unnecessary. The idea that having a positive Black identity is contingent upon putting your race first is redundant because it is already visible to everyone you come in contact with. It is as if you are a book and your race is the plastic covering around it; people cannot open the book because the plastic is sealed so tightly around it. In order for there to be a positive black identity all that is necessary is a full acceptance of your race and the positive aspects of it. The presence of positive Black role models in the life of a Black youth early on encourages a positive Black identity and expels most of the widely spread negative stereotypes. (Tatum, 1997, p.55). With largely widespread negative views on Black Americans as a whole and stereotypes being perpetuated regularly it is easy for a Black person to feel victimized; caged into a role even. The most readily available images of Black people in the media are often those that portray blacks in dire, downtrodden striates or extreme poverty. Sadly, this generalized portrait of Black Americans is overly, the dramatized and filled with gang violence, illegal drug sale, and so on. This type of life has been glorified in popular music; rappers especially speak of having been poor and having to live in the projects-the only way to survive being crime. Whatever is most commonly projected will be the easiest to accept as your only choice if you are Black. Lack of funding in lower income communities, the majority of which are populated by Black Americans, create low grade schools decreasing the ability or even the possibility for Black minorities to go on to higher education. America is a country built on capitalism; if one group cannot keep up with the dominant group financially they will fall back. Only 30% of Black Americans are impoverished but as a whole, are widely accepted as poor because of the media’s attention on densely populated, majority black communities (Butler-Sweet, 2011, Nov. 10). When this negative view becomes the norm, it is hard for Black youth to see much else, which is often why the minority of Blacks who rise above the negative stereotypes their racial identity is questioned by others of their same race. Since the idea of a middle class and the suburbs is a social class largely dominated by the dominant white group, some would find Black Americans as a part of that middle class to be an oddity. It is automatically assumed that because the White race is dominate in American society that they would have the jobs, the wealth, education and ability to enter seamlessly into the middle class realm and above. However, racial prejudices and stereotypes have made it so that it is quite uncommon to find a Black family in a predominantly White suburb; the symbol of the middle class. Somehow, through hard work, sacrifice or well-off parents, Blacks have managed to go on to higher education and thereafter; higher paying jobs, earning them a spot in the middle class. Unfortunately, this kind of success among Black people of the middle class does not sit well with those that live below it. It is the truest statement to say that personally, growing up in a largely White suburb, endured an intense inquisition about my racial affiliation from my Black peers who were bused in from Hartford. I was told that I â€Å"dressed White†, â€Å"talked White†, and many a time that I was in fact White or an â€Å"Oreo† as they would put it. Many of my White friends would joke around with me that I was not Black. There is nothing more offensive than being told, in so many words, that because your parents were educated, held well paying jobs, bought a house in the suburbs and educated you in a majority White school system, that you were no longer Black; worse even, being scrutinized and ignored by people of your own race because of a difference in social class. Tatum speaks of the same issues in her book, she even states how important it is for young Black people in predominantly White communities to connect with other Black peers to share experiences and increase awareness of daily life outside of the suburbs (Tatum, 1997, p.69-70). One would think that coming to a university with a larger community of Blacks than in my high school would open doors, but sadly I find that the divide is almost completely the same. The Black friends I have made since attending the University of Connecticut have been ones that share a similar background as myself; rarely do non-suburban Black people and I become friends and it is not for lack of effort on my part. I would like to think that I keep a positive attitude towards both Whites and Blacks but because of the stereotypes so deeply ingrained in many of us, it is difficult to lay them down and redirect our way of thinking. It is this reason, among others why other racial and sometimes ethnic minorities have difficulty being accept in America, Asian Ethnic and Racial Identity Construction The entrance into America for Asians is considered to be the first wave of immigration. This wave is relatively recent beginning in the early 19th century with the Chinese who immediately moved out west where the work they were given was largely agricultural. Like all immigrants coming into the United States, the Chinese, Japanese and later other groups like Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese, among others, all faced discrimination from the dominate White group. When the Chinese first entered they were very hardworking and skilled while working on the transcontinental railroad but having not been in America long enough and having so many Chinese coming in their seemingly flawless work ethic was viewed as a threat by their fellow White workers. After the Chinese Exclusion Act was put into action in 1882, Japanese immigrants began to make their way into America but the same thing happened to them. Their advanced skills in agriculture were considered a threat to the Whites. They were taking their jobs and since farmland is not something that goes away, the Japanese were able to establish themselves a little better than the Chinese (Butler-Sweet, 2011, Nov. 28). The manner in which the group entered into the United States is the reason why their history is so important to their formation of a positive Asian American identify. The entrance of the various Asian groups into the United States and the acceptance of them were bound to be a bit difficult. The size of the group was large enough to be considered a threat to the dominant white group and because they had a tendency to settle down together, making it difficult for them to assimilate into American culture. The second wave of Asian Immigration is a part of present day America and this idea of being threatened by the skillfulness of Asians is still something that the dominant group feels and makes a point to mention often. In the first wave of immigration, the Chinese and Japanese succeeded because the work they found in the United States involved the use of skills they had already cultivated in their specific countries and so the excelled. Here in this second wave it is the same thing; whatever the Asian group is good at in their places of origin are the skills they will take with them when immigrating and that is why this idea of the Model Minority Myth has been created (Monk, 1996, p. 31). Asian American’s ability to succeed so effortlessly it seems, in large part can be attributed to the fact that much like the dominant White group, Asian Americans have the ability to assert their specific ethnicities. Similar to Black Americans, Asian Americans have an assigned race; when it comes to their ethnicities, which hold more value to them than their race, it is of greater significance to how they identify. However, non-Asian groups tend to lump every Asian ethnicity under one â€Å"Pan Asian† label but Asian Americans refuse to accept this (Kibria, 2002, p. 73-74). Instead of agreeing with the reflection they see from other people about their race, as mentioned previously in regards to Cooley’s â€Å"Looking Glass Self†, Asian Americans place a great amount of emphasis on their specific country of origin and its traditions and cultures in order to define themselves. In the first wave of immigration, Asian Americans would settle in closely knit communities with their specific ethnic group; in those communities, they would all help each other out making it easier to survive in America. Even today, there are large communities of Asian Americans who choose to live close to each other to keep that sense of having a culture and traditions that separate them from everyone else. Having these tightly knit communities makes it easier for Asian Americans to succeed because they have a constant support group and people to fall back on if they need it (Monk, 1996, p. 37-38). Being in such constant close contact with those who share your culture background and infuse it into daily life definitely helps with forming a positive Asian American identity, regardless of outside influences. Some of the dominant White group believes that if given the chance, over time Asian Americans could have the potential to fully assimilate to American culture and become ultimately â€Å"white. † This idea of racial ethnogenesis is that the later generations of Asian Americans as well as incoming groups of Asians will simply begin to blend into American culture to the point that they will just embrace the racial category they have been placed in and forget about their ethnic background (Kibria , 2002, p. 14). What would this do for the identity construction of Asian Americans? Would their full assimilation into American culture really improve their quality of life anymore? The identity construction of Asian Americans would be so unlike every other identity if they simply assimilated completely into American culture. Letting go of cultural ties and accepting the general name for people of your same race will not improve the quality of life significantly because their race is still visible. Again, culture is a choice, race is not. Although Asian Americans are capable of choosing their ethnic identity and asserting it like the White ethnics, they also share the disadvantage of being assigned to their race like Black Americans because their race like Blacks is very visible. Since their race is visible it creates this aspect of constraint which makes it difficult for people to not see your race and therefore puts limits on how people will treat you or what jobs you can attain. Regardless of the success Asian Americans have in academics and achieving higher paying jobs, there is still a â€Å"glass ceiling† they have to deal with (Monk, 1996, p. 42). The visibility of their race keeps them from being hired as corporate CEOs or being in leadership positions in general. Excelling most commonly in mathematics and sciences often places Asian Americans in behind the scenes type of work that pays well but does not require them to be out in the open as public figures in the corporation. The added factor of an accent for more recent immigrants can also serve as additional restriction to entering into the higher echelons of business (Monk, 1996, p. 43). The positive connotations that come with being Asian American as well as the negative can have an adverse affect in identity construction. Being considered to be a â€Å"Model Minority† definitely can create some hostility especially for second and third generation Asian Americans. When non-Asians assume that you get A’s in school and that you are inherently good at mathematics it becomes a burden (Kibria, 2002, p. 87). Just the same, negative stereotypes about the foods that different Asian American cultures eat or assuming that because certain physical features are similar among the different ethnic groups, they are all the same, can create negative feelings about being Asian American and that is not good for the development of a healthy ethnic or racial identity. The saying â€Å"Asian Invasion† (Monk, 1996, p. 44) is very common I personally even have used it in jest and so have some of my Asian friends; I assumed that its use was okay. Generally, my second generation Asian friends will use this term when talking about either the Asian students who are studying abroad on campus, or in regards to first generation Asian Americans. This makes me wonder if my friends have assimilated enough into the dominant white culture that they no longer can see themselves associating with the incoming Asians. It is hard to determine whether the statement is meant as a joke or a commentary against ethnic Asians. Conclusion Having explained the different forms of identity construction through the examples of White ethnics, Black Americans and Asian Americans it has been made clear that identity construction cannot be viewed the same for a ethnicities and races. White ethnic identity comes in many different shapes sizes and forms ranging from symbolic, non-exisistent, or thinly asserted to a large part of how one identifies or thickly asserted. The option to pick and chose which part of your heritage you prefer over another or not at all is how white ethnics construct their identities. The majority of white ethnics who choose the route of symbolic ethnicity opposed to asserting either thinly or thickly a certain ethnicity is often because the dominant American culture has become of greater value to their identity than anything else and choosing an ethnic symbol to place on themselves is what will separate them from the rest of their fellow white ethnics or bring them closer to someone who holds the same ethnic symbol. Just the same, the constant pressures placed on Black Americans to play multiple roles are a difficult task. Shaping a positive identity of any kind is difficult but to shape a positive Black identity in America holds a certain amount of extra weight to it. Black Americans struggle trying to advance themselves because of the constant racial stereotypes reverberating in the background. If you do manage to elevate into the higher ranks of American life your racial loyalty will then be questioned. Is it possible that over time these stereotypes will dissipate or is there a reason they are kept alive? The unique combination of both ethnic choice and racial constraint makes Asian American identity construction the most interesting form of identity construction so far. Since the first wave of immigration into the second one, Asian Americans have dealt with a slew of racial injustices in America but they have also gained a great deal of merit mostly for being the â€Å"ideal† so to speak. Being hard workers and keeping close ethnic ties have made Asian Americans competition for White ethnics. In the future, whether or not they will completely assimilate or not is questionable and what toll it will take on their identity construction. Having the option to choose a part of your identity which no one can see will never outweigh your racial assignment. What is it, or is it possible to have a truly positive White ethnic or Black or Asian racial identity in America? The constant changes in society make it impossible to know.